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fair enough, especially in the frame of any respective emperor existing.
but, imho, institutional strength like shared language upstream of justice, the vibe of an unbeaten capitol, a growing/stable trade network... I would call the Byzantine empire late-stage by 8-9th century (though I would agree they remained intact for much longer).
then again, suzerainty like the Zhou dynasty is another form of overlord dominion, so in such a frame I would call anything like the Warring period as evidence of a late-stage empire.
ultimately, empires are remembered for their Golden Ages, and maybe there's more than one of those. I think we've reached the point with globalism that it's impossible to practically recede from our Golden Age.
maybe NK & China can temporarily resist for a few generations, but eventually the liberalist economic/informatic mandate will be indominatable. in that respect, any state that's increasingly overspending on resistance is late-stage for whatever mandate they possess. 0 reply
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