Music

> In 1999, there were six major labels. By 2012, through a process of aggressive mergers and acquisitions, there were just three. Having consolidated their power and market share, they operate an effective oligarchy, of which Spotify’s grotesque inequality is a high-profile manifestation.

> In 1999, there were six major labels. By 2012, through a process of aggressive mergers and acquisitions, there were just three. Having consolidated their power and market share, they operate an effective oligarchy, of which Spotify’s grotesque inequality is a high-profile manifestation.

https://jacobin.com/2025/06/spotify-music-industry-major-labels