The immutability of blockchain ensures data integrity, making it ideal for transparent public health records. However, this strength clashes with society’s need for error correction during public health crises. Blockchain’s tamper-proof nature prevents altering inaccurate or outdated data, such as erroneous case reports or vaccine records, which can hinder timely responses. Social mechanisms prioritize flexibility to correct mistakes and adapt to evolving situations, like updating health protocols. This conflict raises questions about balancing trust in immutable systems with the need for adaptability. Solutions like hybrid blockchains or off-chain correction layers could address this, allowing verified updates while preserving data integrity. Resolving this tension is crucial for leveraging blockchain in public health without compromising the ability to correct errors swiftly.