To assess a project's true user scale using on-chain data, analyze key metrics like active wallet addresses, transaction volume, and token holder distribution. Start by tracking unique active addresses interacting with the project's smart contracts over time to gauge user engagement. High transaction volume, especially consistent patterns, indicates genuine activity rather than bots or airdrop farmers. Examine token holder data via blockchain explorers to identify concentration—fewer whales and broader distribution suggest a healthier user base. Cross-reference with gas usage or staking metrics for deeper insights into participation. For accuracy, filter out wash trading or spam transactions by setting thresholds on minimum activity levels. Combine this with off-chain signals like community growth for a holistic view. On-chain data, when cleaned and contextualized, reveals a project's real user scale effectively.