Progress in hardware acceleration for zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) has been significant. Specialized hardware like FPGAs and ASICs can accelerate ZKP generation by 10-1000x, addressing the computational intensity of operations like MSM and NTT, which dominate 80-95% of proof generation time. Recent advancements include GPU-optimized frameworks like GZKP and ASIC designs like SZKP, achieving speedups of over 400x for zkSNARKs. Innovations such as PipeZK reduce data shuffling in FFTs, enhancing efficiency. Projects like Ingonyama’s ICICLE and Matter Labs’ FPGA implementations further optimize ZKP primitives, enabling applications in blockchain scalability and privacy. Despite challenges like Amdahl’s Law limiting theoretical speedups to 5-20x, ongoing research into ZK-friendly algorithms and hardware, including ZKVMs, continues to drive performance improvements, making ZKPs more practical for real-world use cases like decentralized finance and verifiable computing.