Programmable NFTs face challenges in on-chain interactions due to high gas costs, limiting their functionality and adoption. Solutions include optimizing smart contracts with efficient coding practices to reduce gas consumption. Layer-2 scaling solutions, like rollups or sidechains, enable low-cost transactions while maintaining security. Batching multiple interactions into a single transaction minimizes gas fees. Off-chain computation with on-chain verification, using oracles or zero-knowledge proofs, reduces on-chain load. Gas tokenization or fee subsidies can offset costs for users. Additionally, adopting blockchains with lower gas fees, like Ethereum's layer-2 networks or alternatives such as Solana, enhances affordability. These approaches ensure programmable NFTs can support complex interactions, such as dynamic metadata updates or real-time user engagement, without prohibitive costs, fostering innovation and scalability.