If you are given a choice, you believe you have acted freely. This fundamental psychological principle, illuminated through the lens of stage magic, offers insights into how we might approach the development and understanding of artificial intelligence agents. Consider a magician's card trick where a spectator seemingly makes a free choice among 52 possibilities, only to select from a carefully constructed set of three predetermined options. This illusion of choice mirrors a crucial challenge in AI development: how do we create systems that can genuinely exercise agency rather than simply executing predetermined patterns?
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LLMs reflect human understanding because they’re trained on human-generated text, essentially compressing our collective experience into a digital form. They cannot represent knowledge beyond human perception unless we change how we train them—perhaps through artificial data or simulations. Their apparent ‘thinking’ is simply the result of changing context, not a dynamic consciousness. Errors or hallucinations happen because they’re trained on conflicting human ideas. Future improvements in LLMs depend on better managing context and expanding their training data beyond human limitations.
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Large language models (LLMs) reflect human understanding because they are trained primarily on text produced by people. These models effectively compress and store human experiences, perceptions, and ideas in a digital format. As a result, their responses feel familiar, logical, and often insightful, since they mirror patterns derived directly from human language. However, precisely because their training is human-centric, LLMs have clear boundaries. Their "knowledge" is inherently constrained by human perception, cognition, and the types of experiences humans can articulate through language. This concept can be illustrated through the term "umwelt," which describes the perceptual world unique to each organism—the set of experiences and interactions it can naturally access. An LLM, therefore, encodes a collection of human umwelts, not a universal or objective reality.
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