Blockchain is powerful but struggles with scalability, Ethereum especially. Rollups are a major fix: they process transactions off-chain and post the results back on-chain, easing congestion.

Types of Rollups

• Optimistic Rollups assume transactions are valid unless challenged. They’re cheaper but have delayed finality due to the challenge period.

• ZK Rollups use cryptographic proofs (zk-SNARKs) to prove off-chain transaction validity. They’re super secure, efficient, and offer instant finality, but are complex and resource-heavy.

@ValidiumNetwork is a ZK Rollup variant that keeps data off-chain, reducing costs and boosting scalability. They rely on a committee for data availability, so there’s a small trust trade-off.