Cross-Chain Security: LayerZero vs. Axelar
LayerZero’s Omnichain Risks

Model: Light nodes + oracles/relayers for cross-chain messaging (e.g., Stargate).

Risk: Relayer centralization (approved operators) creates attack vectors—exploits have hit $200M+.

Axelar’s Gateway Security

Model: Dedicated PoS validators (75+ nodes) verify all transfers, akin to Cosmos IBC.

Tradeoff: Slower but more decentralized; no major hacks to date.

Key Difference
LayerZero prioritizes speed/composability; Axelar favors battle-tested security.

Outlook:
Axelar suits institutional transfers; LayerZero leads for DeFi apps—if oracle risks are mitigated.