Senior data scientist. Founder of Rantum Studio - turning messy on-chain & real-world data into products. Ex-0x Labs.
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A swap event records the pool, the tokens, the amounts. It records nothing about which app the person was actually using. That missing field is what incentive programs and market-share claims turn on. Here is how to rebuild it from call data, traces and fee recipients, with a Dune query you can run today. https://dev.to/andrewmaury/where-did-this-trade-come-from-attributing-dex-volume-in-dune-sql-g43
Every DeFi dashboard shows you volume. Almost none show you the truth. Wash trades, proxy routing, and MEV bot flow all read as adoption on a standard chart. I wrote a short, hands-on book about reading on-chain data honestly in Dune. The opening chapter is below, free. https://dev.to/andrewmaury/the-dashboard-that-lied-why-defi-volume-isnt-the-same-as-adoption-2l6c