While Bitcoin PoW is energy-intensive, the narrative is shifting. Miners increasingly use stranded/flared gas and renewable energy. Innovations like energy repurposing (heat capture) and more efficient hardware aim to improve Bitcoin's environmental footprint within the Web3 landscape.
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Projects like Monad and Sei are introducing parallel execution to Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility, potentially increasing throughput to 10,000+ TPS. By processing non-conflicting transactions simultaneously (like Solana), while maintaining EVM tooling, these chains aim to combine Ethereum's developer ecosystem with superior performance. The technical challenge lies in efficient state access management. If successful, parallel EVMs could help Ethereum scale without fragmenting liquidity across Layer 2 solutions.
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The Merge, a pivotal upgrade for Ethereum, transitioned the blockchain from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake in September 2022. This shift replaced energy-intensive mining with staking, where validators secure the network by locking up ETH. The Merge reduced Ethereum’s energy consumption by ~99.95%, enhancing sustainability and scalability. It maintained Ethereum’s security and decentralization while enabling faster transactions and lower fees. This upgrade laid the foundation for future improvements, like sharding, to further boost Ethereum’s capacity and efficiency, solidifying its position as a leading smart contract platform.
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