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Third, domestic political economies severely limit dramatic repositioning. Countries are deeply embedded in production networks, supply chains, financial systems, and technological ecosystems that cannot be reconfigured at will. Domestic coalitions, business interests, labor, commodity exporters, and technology sectors pull governments in contradictory directions. Leaders must respond to anxieties about vulnerability while preserving access to both China and the United States. The result is a characteristic ambivalence in much of the world: rhetorical assertions of realignment paired with limited room for meaningful action.