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Why it is that camels evolved the ability to drink salt water, but dolphins and whales, to which that ability would be far more useful, haven't? Marine animals such as dolphins and whales DO drink salt water - sparingly and rarely - as do seals, sea lions, manatees and walruses. Most marine mammals possess reniculate kidneys, which are segmented and have multiple lobes. This unique structure enhances their ability to concentrate urine, allowing them to excrete salt at a higher concentration than the surrounding seawater. The process involves filtering the blood and then efficiently reabsorbing water while leaving behind concentrated salt in the urine. This is similar to running little reverse osmosis membranes in their kidneys, allowing them to get a net gain of fresh water from saltwater ingestion, but they still prefer to get the majority of their fresh water from the low-salt content of their diet, such as the plants and small sea creatures they consume.
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