In one of the earliest formulations of media effects, widespread fear that mass-media messages could outweigh other stabilizing cultural influences, such as family and community, led to what is known as the direct effects model of media studies. This model, prevalent in the 1920s and 1930s, assumed that audiences passively accepted media messages and would exhibit predictable reactions in response to those messages. For example, following the radio broadcast of War of the Worlds in 1938 (which was a fictional news report of an alien invasion), some people panicked and believed the story to be true.
- 0 replies
- 0 recasts
- 1 reaction
Video game defenders argue that violent people can be drawn to violent games, and they point to lower overall incidence of youth violence in recent years compared to past decades.Jill U. Adams, “Effects of Violent Video Games,” Los Angeles Times, May 3, 2010, Other researchers admit that individuals prone to violent acts are indeed drawn to violent media; however, they claim that by keeping these individuals in a movie theater or at home, violent media have actually contributed to a reduction in violent social acts.Peter Goodman, “Violent Films May Cut Real Crime, Study Finds,” New York Times,
- 1 reply
- 0 recasts
- 1 reaction
What are the Types of Data? Both of the above scenarios involve the generation of data: information about observable or measurable phenomena in the world. In the scenario above where effects of carbon and nitrogen are associated with plants’ root structures, data would consist of measurements associated with the roots. For example, the length of roots produced by each plant, or the number of ‘shoots’ branching from each root are two different sets of quantitative data. Quantitative data is usually defined as numerical information, generated or collected through measurements conducted by humans or mediated through devices Alternatively, the information collected in the first example—that people in a given group have different hair texture that can be described and grouped by category—is what we usually call qualitative data. Qualitative data is observable or measurable information that is not (typically) numerical in nature.
- 0 replies
- 0 recasts
- 1 reaction