The history of chess goes back about one and a half thousand years. Probably the oldest known ancestor of chess is the Indian game chaturanga, borrowed by the Persians, who modified it and called it shatranj. After the Arab conquest of Persia in the 7th century, shatranj spread within the Arab Caliphate, and from the Arabs it became known to Europeans. Chess acquired a look close to modern at the end of the 15th century, when the queen and bishop received their current moves, before that - pieces with limited mobility. The game changed significantly, became faster, the advantage of the first move for white made possible the emergence of openings in which white prepares an attack at an early stage of the game, and stimulated the development of opening theory.
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A gambit is the beginning of a chess game in which a player sacrifices pieces for the sake of a subsequent attack, positional or tactical advantage. Most often, a gambit involves a pawn sacrifice. If the opponent "eats" the piece exposed to attack, this is called an accepted gambit; if he does not, it is called a refused gambit. If the opponent does not accept the gambit and sacrifices a piece himself, this is called a countergambit or counter gambit. The stress is on the last syllable - gambit. The term gambit comes from the Italian gambetto - to trip up (dare il gambetto - to trip up). The term "gambit" was first used by the 16th-century Spanish chess player Ruy Lopez de Segura. Examples of gambits: King's Gambit, Belgrade Gambit, Janisch Gambit. Gambits are also used in checkers - for example, the Potapov Gambit or the Kukuev Gambit.
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And Trump becomes president. Congratulations, Mr. 47th President of the United States!
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