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Formal Verification is a rigorous method used to mathematically prove the correctness of software and hardware systems. It involves creating mathematical models of a system's behavior and then using proof assistants to validate that the system conforms to its specification. This process ensures that the code not only functions as intended but is free from logical errors, making it crucial in industries where failure can have significant consequences, such as aerospace, finance, and healthcare. By providing airtight guarantees of code correctness, formal verification plays a pivotal role in enhancing the reliability and safety of critical systems.