@krishnaa
- 1456 – Joan of Arc was posthumously exonerated of heresy, 25 years after her execution.
- 1520 – Hernán Cortés and his Tlaxcalan allies defeated a larger Aztec force at the Battle of Otumba in Mexico.
- 1807 – Napoleon Bonaparte and Tsar Alexander I of Russia met on a raft in the Neman River to sign the Treaty of Tilsit, ending hostilities between France and Russia.
- 1865 – Mary Surratt became the first woman executed by the U.S. government for her role in the assassination of President Lincoln.
- 1898 – The United States annexed Hawaii, marking a major expansion of U.S. territory in the Pacific.
- 1928 – The first sliced bread was sold in Missouri, described as the greatest innovation in baking since wrapped bread.
- 1937 – The Marco Polo Bridge Incident triggered the Second Sino-Japanese War between China and Japan.
- 2005 – Coordinated terrorist b