@koyah
Building on Ethereum involves a three-tier tech stack, each requiring specific programming languages:
* On-Chain (Logic): The core of the dApp. Solidity is the industry standard, Vyper offers a security-focused Pythonic alternative, and Cairo is used for Starknet Layer 2 scaling.
* Off-Chain (UI): How users interact with the blockchain. JavaScript/TypeScript is essential (using libraries like Ethers.js or Viem), supported by standard HTML/CSS.
* Infrastructure (Tools/Nodes): High-performance backend work. Rust is favored for modern tooling (Foundry), Go powers the actual Ethereum nodes (Geth), and Python is used for data scripts and testing.