@koyah
Blockchain scalability follows a clear hierarchy:
**computation is easiest to scale, data is harder, and state is hardest**.
Computation can be parallelized or replaced with proofs, making it cheap and flexible. Data requires strong availability guarantees, but can still be distributed or erasure‑coded to reduce load on individual nodes.
State, however, must be fully known to verify and update transactions, making it difficult to split without major architectural trade‑offs.
Because of this, good design pushes work **down the hierarchy**: replace state with data when possible, and replace data with computation when it doesn’t introduce centralization.