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Diogenes, by John William Waterhouse, 1882
John William Waterhouse (1849–1917) was a prominent English artist whose work is considered part of the Late Pre-Raphaelitism movement. He is best known for his depictions of women inspired by myth and literature.
This painting depicts Diogenes, a Greek philosopher of the Cynic school. Diogenes lived a very simple and ascetic life and is said to have lived in a large vat (or clay barrel) in Athens. He believed that virtue lay in simplicity, nature, and a lack of need for worldly goods.
In the painting, Diogenes is observed by several curious women, who appear with umbrellas and beautiful dresses. The contrast between Diogenes' simplicity and the luxury of those around him beautifully conveys the main message of the painting: a critique of the material world and luxury.