@instaxxx

Layer‑1 upgrades like sharding and DAG promise higher throughput but risk fragmentation. Layer‑2 rollups (optimistic, zk) boost speed with minimal change to the base chain, yet rely on fraud proofs or heavy zero‑knowledge proofs. Sidechains offer flexibility but trade‑off security and may increase centralization. Choosing the right mix depends on use‑case and risk appetite.

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