@fx-protocol
2/8
Ethereum’s Economic Security Model
Ethereum’s PoS consensus mechanism is designed around economic deterrence. Validators stake ETH to propose and attest to blocks, with malicious behavior punished by slashing. The security budget of the network is therefore composed of three pillars:
- Validator incentives — rewards paid in ETH to honest validators
Burned gas fees (EIP-1559) — which reduce supply and raise ETH’s scarcity
- Economic deterrence — the sheer cost of acquiring enough stake to attack the system
Two thresholds define Ethereum’s resilience:
- Safety (Finality Violation): Controlling ≥66% of stake allows an attacker to finalize two conflicting chains.
- Liveness (Censorship/Halting): Controlling >33% of stake allows an attacker to halt finality and censor transactions indefinitely.
0 reply
0 recast
0 reaction