One day, a trader appeared in a village and announced to the villagers that he would buy monkeys from them for $10. The villagers, seeing how many monkeys there were in the jungle, abandoned their plots and started catching them. A trader bought thousands of monkeys for $10, but the number of monkeys began to dwindle and it became increasingly difficult to catch them.

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The assistant gathered all the villagers and offered them a deal: "Look at all these cages with thousands of monkeys you have already caught. I'm willing to give them to you for only $35 dollars, and when the trader comes back, you can sell them to him for $50 apiece!"

The villagers thought, did the math, then gathered all their savings, ran up debts and bought all the monkeys for $700 billion. After that, they never saw the trader and his assistant again. But they were left with large debts and completely unnecessary monkeys.

Then the trader raised the reward for catching each monkey to $20. So people started catching monkeys again. Soon food was scarce in the village, and the villagers began to return to their fields. The merchant raised the price to $50. However, he had to go to town on business, so he left an assistant in his place.