Founder of arfdao FHE
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In fact, you encounter these concepts daily: •WhatsApp shows “end-to-end encryption” when you open a chat. •When you enter a store, your data is encrypted. •Even your passwords are stored in encrypted data repositories. So, let’s go step by step through encryption methods. Starting with symmetric encryption. Symmetric Encryption In symmetric encryption, the same key is used both to encrypt data and to decrypt it again. This method can be advantageous because it’s fast. However, it has vulnerabilities, mainly around key distribution. Safely sending the key to the other party can be just as challenging as transmitting the encrypted message itself. The key idea here: there is only one key, and it must be securely delivered to the person you want to access the message.
This works because the private and public keys are mathematical opposites. Public keys are shared openly—such as wallet addresses in blockchain—and used for verification. On the traditional internet, companies provide and manage these public key infrastructures (PKI). This ensures authentication: if B can successfully decrypt the message with A’s public key, they know it could only have been encrypted with A’s private key. Another scenario: •A encrypts their message using B’s public key. •B then decrypts it with their private key. This way, only B can read the message, ensuring secure communication.
Asymmetric Encryption This method involves two keys: •a public key (open to everyone), and •a private/secret key (known only by the owner). Let’s say person A wants to exchange information with person B. •A has a private key that only they know. •A also has a public key that everyone, including A, knows. Here’s one approach: •A encrypts their message using their private key and sends it to B. •Since B does not have A’s private key, they use A’s public key to decrypt it.
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