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What is Fully Homomorphic Encryption?
Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic technique that allows arbitrary computation on encrypted data. This means you can take an encrypted input, apply a function to it, and produce an encrypted output that, when decrypted, matches the result of the function applied to the original plaintext.
For example:
Let E() be an encryption function and f() a function like addition or multiplication. Then,
f(E(a), E(b)) = E(f(a, b))
FHE has been known in theory for decades but only recently became practical, thanks to advances in algorithms and performance optimizations. Zama has contributed to this progress by building open-source FHE libraries like Concrete, written in Rust, and optimized for both CPUs and GPUs.