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AfraBlack

@afrablack

Contemporary China, Japan, and South Korea exhibit a fierce competitive landscape in the export of popular literature (such as web novels, manga/manhwa, and Webtoons), while also engaging in a degree of cooperation. This cultural export is not merely an economic activity but also involves soft power competition, influenced by globalization, digital platforms, and geopolitics. The following analysis is based on the performance of the three countries in the global market: Japan dominates with traditional manga, Korea innovates through Webtoons (vertical-scrolling digital comics), and China is rapidly rising with web novels and science fiction literature.
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