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Data encryption in transit protocols secure data during transmission using TLS (Transport Layer Security), SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), or IPsec. TLS 1.3 is widely adopted for its forward secrecy and reduced latency. AES-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305 cipher suites encrypt payloads, while ephemeral keys enhance security. Quantum-resistant algorithms (e.g., CRYSTALS-Kyber) are emerging for future-proofing. These protocols prevent eavesdropping and tampering in identity systems, ensuring compliance with standards like FIPS 140-2.

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