@7eclipse
Scaling is the heart of blockchain evolution. Layer‑1 solutions like sharding split the chain, boosting throughput but adding complexity. Layer‑2 rollups bundle many transactions off‑chain, keeping on‑chain data minimal; optimistic rollups are cheaper, zk‑rollups offer instant finality but require heavy proofs. Sidechains shift security to their own validators, trading decentralization for speed. Each path balances speed, cost, and trust.
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