Proof‑of‑Work powers Bitcoin with energy‑intensive puzzles that secure the chain. Proof‑of‑Stake, used by Ethereum‑2.0, swaps power for ownership—validators lock tokens to earn rewards, slashing dishonest actors. New hybrids and DAG‑based chains aim to merge speed, security and sustainability, pushing consensus beyond the old binary.
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Interoperability is the glue that turns Web3 from fragmented islands into a unified ecosystem. Cross‑chain bridges, shared libraries, and consensus‑layer protocols let assets, data, and dApps move freely, unlocking liquidity and composability. The next wave of innovation hinges on seamless network connectivity—watch for protocols turning this into reality.
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Choosing a crypto wallet is key. Hot wallets (mobile & desktop) are fast but online so risk hacks. Cold wallets (hardware or paper) keep funds offline, ideal for long‑term storage. Custodial wallets let exchanges control keys—great for beginners, but you’re not full owner. Non‑custodial gives full control, but you’re responsible for backups. Keep most holdings in a cold wallet, move only what you need to trade into a hot wallet, and enable 2FA.
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